DC Hub / Power availability / Grid Constraint by ISO
Grid Constraint · grid operators on 4 continents

Data center grid constraint,
ranked by ISO.

A market can be huge and still be a dead end for new power. What decides it is the grid: how saturated transmission is, how deep the interconnection queue runs, and how long until your load can energize. DC Hub ranks constraint across live grids on 4 continents (US ISOs, UK, EU, Taiwan, Australia) with live demand and fuel mix underneath — not a quarterly estimate.

Compare ISOs ↓ Interconnection queue depth →
7 + 3
live grid operators — ERCOT, CAISO, NYISO, MISO, PJM, SPP, ISO-NE + Hydro-Québec, AESO, Nord Pool
15 min
refresh cadence on real-time demand & fuel mix — vs. the industry's quarterly cycle
126,427
substations mapped — the transmission layer the constraint score is built on

Grid constraint, ISO by ISO

Real-time demand is a recent snapshot from DC Hub's ISO feed. Constraint reflects transmission saturation, queue depth and time-to-power. The pattern is the whole story: the biggest, most-demanded grids (PJM) are the most constrained; the plains (SPP) and hydro-rich north (Hydro-Québec) have the headroom — which is exactly where DCPI's BUILD verdicts land.

ISO / operatorRegionReal-time demandConstraintData-center read
PJMMid-Atlantic + Midwest~92,669 MWhHIGHDublin OH 72.5 · NoVA saturated · multi-yr TTP
MISOMidwest / Central~92,867 MWhRISINGLarge load growing; pockets of headroom
ERCOTTexas~67,488 MWhRISINGQueue ~4× YoY to ~226 GW, ~77% data centers
SPPCentral plains~41,284 MWhLOWTop BUILD markets — La Vista, Lenexa (DCPI 58.2)
CAISOCalifornia~25,439 MWhRISINGRenewables-rich but transmission-bound
NYISONew York~15,447 MWhRISINGDownstate constrained; upstate has room
ISO-NENew England~13,021 MWhHIGHWinter-peaking, import-dependent, tight
Hydro-QuébecQuébec, Canadahydro surplusLOWMontréal DCPI 65.2 — current #1 BUILD
AESOAlberta, CanadaliveRISINGGas + wind; fast-track large-load interest
Nord PoolNordics (15 zones)liveLOWCheap hydro/wind; Oslo/Helsinki headroom

Demand snapshots from EIA RTO data via the DC Hub ISO feed (refreshed every 15 min); MISO/ISO-NE show the latest available hourly print. Live JSON: /iso/ · PJM detail: /grid/pjm. Query live via compare_isos(isos="PJM,ERCOT,SPP").

PJM, the most-constrained major grid — by fuel

PJM is the largest US ISO (~150 GW peak) and carries the heaviest data-center queue. Its real-time generation mix shows why constraint is structural, not seasonal — a fossil-heavy baseload that's slow to expand into new large loads:

40,935
gas — MWh, real-time (largest single source)
31,171
nuclear — MWh, real-time baseload
16,959
coal — MWh, real-time

Live PJM fuel mix via DC Hub. The Dublin, OH zone scores a DCPI grid-constraint of 72.5 (AVOID); Northern Virginia's Dominion zone is similarly saturated. See the full verdict table on the power-availability page.

What the constraint score actually measures

Transmission saturation

How loaded the existing lines are near candidate sites — built on 126,427 mapped substations and the transmission network. A saturated corridor means costly upgrades before energization.

Queue depth + DC share

How many GW are already queued ahead of you, and how much of it is data centers. ERCOT's ~226 GW queue (~77% data centers) is the extreme case. Detail on the queue page.

Time-to-power (TTP)

Estimated months from interconnection request to energization. Sub-region TTP is what separates a BUILD from an AVOID even inside the same ISO.

Query any ISO's constraint from your agent.

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