{"as_of_date":"2026-10-16","data_sources":["market_power_scores (DCPI, 100+ markets, daily recompute)","interconnection_queue (live ISO scrapes)","grid status (grid operators on 5 continents: 7 US ISOs + TVA + BPA + IESO) + 43 US utility balancing authorities"],"generated_at":"2026-10-16T06:24:06.719180Z","grid_mix_basis":"PJM and ERCOT only, the ISOs the free /grid pages show. Per ISO from /api/v1/grid/intelligence/<ISO> (EIA-930 hourly). renewable_pct = wind+solar+hydro+geothermal / primary generation (storage excluded, negatives clamped) for EIA's latest published fuel-mix hour, generation_mix_period, which can trail demand_period by many hours: read it as that hour's mix, not the current minute's. carbon_g_per_kwh is null: DC Hub has no live per-ISO average carbon-intensity feed, and the gridstatus marginal-emissions figure is a different quantity.","grid_mix_now":[{"carbon_g_per_kwh":null,"current_demand_mw":83303.0,"demand_period":"2026-10-16T05","generation_mix_age_hours":27.3,"generation_mix_period":"2026-10-15T03","iso":"PJM","renewable_pct":6.1},{"carbon_g_per_kwh":null,"current_demand_mw":57353.0,"demand_period":"2026-10-16T05","generation_mix_age_hours":26.4,"generation_mix_period":"2026-10-15T04","iso":"ERCOT","renewable_pct":22.7}],"interconnection_queue":{"by_iso":[{"iso":"NESO","kinds":{"basis":"mixed_connection_queue","connections_gw":604.1,"dc_load_gw":null,"demand_gw":53.1,"generation_gw":null,"large_load_gw":null},"queued_load_dc_share_pct":8.8,"source_name":"UK NESO TEC Register (active connections queue, per-project MW)"},{"iso":"ERCOT","kinds":{"basis":"large_load","connections_gw":null,"dc_load_gw":426.6,"demand_gw":null,"generation_gw":454.5,"large_load_gw":474.0},"queued_load_dc_share_pct":90.0,"source_name":"ERCOT large-load queue (Senate presentation Jul 29 2026; June 19 LLWG) + generation queue (Aug 31 2026)"},{"iso":"MISO","kinds":{"basis":"generation_queue","connections_gw":null,"dc_load_gw":null,"demand_gw":null,"generation_gw":253.6,"large_load_gw":null},"queued_load_dc_share_pct":null,"source_name":"MISO GI Queue API (applicationStatus=Active, summer MW)"},{"iso":"SPP","kinds":{"basis":"generation_queue","connections_gw":null,"dc_load_gw":null,"demand_gw":null,"generation_gw":186.4,"large_load_gw":null},"queued_load_dc_share_pct":null,"source_name":"SPP GI active requests (MAX Summer MW, excl. cessation)"},{"iso":"PJM","kinds":{"basis":"generation_queue","connections_gw":null,"dc_load_gw":null,"demand_gw":null,"generation_gw":134.7,"large_load_gw":null},"queued_load_dc_share_pct":null,"source_name":"PJM New Services Queue (active generation requests, sum of MFO)"},{"iso":"CAISO","kinds":{"basis":"generation_queue","connections_gw":null,"dc_load_gw":null,"demand_gw":null,"generation_gw":73.8,"large_load_gw":null},"queued_load_dc_share_pct":null,"source_name":"CAISO Public Queue Report (Application Status=ACTIVE, Net MWs to Grid)"},{"iso":"AESO","kinds":{"basis":"mixed_connection_queue","connections_gw":26.8,"dc_load_gw":null,"demand_gw":20.6,"generation_gw":null,"large_load_gw":null},"queued_load_dc_share_pct":76.9,"source_name":"Alberta AESO Connection Project List (active; October-2026-Project-List.xlsx)"},{"iso":"IESO","kinds":{"basis":"mixed_connection_queue","connections_gw":18.3,"dc_load_gw":null,"demand_gw":12.2,"generation_gw":null,"large_load_gw":null},"queued_load_dc_share_pct":66.7,"source_name":"Ontario IESO CAA connection queue (active, summer MW)"},{"iso":"ISO-NE","kinds":{"basis":"generation_queue","connections_gw":null,"dc_load_gw":null,"demand_gw":null,"generation_gw":12.5,"large_load_gw":null},"queued_load_dc_share_pct":null,"source_name":"ISO-NE IRTT Public Queue (active, Summer MW)"},{"iso":"NYISO","kinds":{"basis":"generation_queue","connections_gw":null,"dc_load_gw":null,"demand_gw":null,"generation_gw":10.0,"large_load_gw":null},"queued_load_dc_share_pct":null,"source_name":"NYISO Interconnection Queue (active, SP MW)"}],"by_iso_generation":[{"generation_queue_gw":454.5,"iso":"ERCOT"},{"generation_queue_gw":253.6,"iso":"MISO"},{"generation_queue_gw":186.4,"iso":"SPP"},{"generation_queue_gw":134.7,"iso":"PJM"},{"generation_queue_gw":73.8,"iso":"CAISO"},{"generation_queue_gw":12.5,"iso":"ISO-NE"},{"generation_queue_gw":10.0,"iso":"NYISO"}],"ercot_large_load_data_center_share_pct":90.0,"ercot_large_load_queue_gw":474.0,"international_connections_queue_basis":"NESO/IESO/AESO connections queues: generation AND demand projects in one figure; never added to the US total.","international_connections_queue_gw":649.2,"snapshot_date":"2026-10-16","us_generation_queue_basis":"Sum of the US ISOs' GENERATION interconnection queues (GW of requested generation). No load queue is added in.","us_generation_queue_gw":1125.5},"iso_rollup":[{"avg_constraint":36.1,"avg_excess":70.9,"avg_ttp":16.1,"avoid_count":0,"build_count":11,"build_pct":100.0,"count":11,"iso":"SPP"},{"avg_constraint":26.6,"avg_excess":57.4,"avg_ttp":9.6,"avoid_count":1,"build_count":1,"build_pct":50.0,"count":2,"iso":"HQ"},{"avg_constraint":46.5,"avg_excess":66.4,"avg_ttp":31.8,"avoid_count":0,"build_count":9,"build_pct":47.4,"count":19,"iso":"ERCOT"},{"avg_constraint":52.5,"avg_excess":67.2,"avg_ttp":39.3,"avoid_count":0,"build_count":3,"build_pct":21.4,"count":14,"iso":"CAISO"},{"avg_constraint":38.0,"avg_excess":56.1,"avg_ttp":15.1,"avoid_count":7,"build_count":9,"build_pct":17.6,"count":51,"iso":"WECC"},{"avg_constraint":39.9,"avg_excess":46.3,"avg_ttp":18.8,"avoid_count":27,"build_count":1,"build_pct":2.6,"count":38,"iso":"MISO"},{"avg_constraint":35.5,"avg_excess":41.3,"avg_ttp":22.7,"avoid_count":30,"build_count":0,"build_pct":0.0,"count":31,"iso":"PJM"},{"avg_constraint":19.8,"avg_excess":50.4,"avg_ttp":7.5,"avoid_count":0,"build_count":0,"build_pct":0.0,"count":1,"iso":"MH"},{"avg_constraint":48.2,"avg_excess":52.5,"avg_ttp":22.3,"avoid_count":3,"build_count":0,"build_pct":0.0,"count":4,"iso":"NORDPOOL"},{"avg_constraint":49.3,"avg_excess":54.1,"avg_ttp":29.5,"avoid_count":0,"build_count":0,"build_pct":0.0,"count":1,"iso":"CEN"},{"avg_constraint":49.2,"avg_excess":51.5,"avg_ttp":35.0,"avoid_count":0,"build_count":0,"build_pct":0.0,"count":3,"iso":"ONS"},{"avg_constraint":29.2,"avg_excess":43.5,"avg_ttp":11.4,"avoid_count":2,"build_count":0,"build_pct":0.0,"count":2,"iso":"AESO"},{"avg_constraint":28.1,"avg_excess":38.8,"avg_ttp":11.2,"avoid_count":10,"build_count":0,"build_pct":0.0,"count":10,"iso":"SERC"},{"avg_constraint":33.7,"avg_excess":44.6,"avg_ttp":14.4,"avoid_count":1,"build_count":0,"build_pct":0.0,"count":1,"iso":"BCH"},{"avg_constraint":38.9,"avg_excess":43.3,"avg_ttp":16.1,"avoid_count":8,"build_count":0,"build_pct":0.0,"count":8,"iso":"FRCC"}],"license":{"attribution_required":true,"citation":"DC Hub. (2026). Monthly Data Center Energy Report. https://dchub.cloud/reports/energy/monthly. Licensed CC-BY-4.0.","commercial_use_allowed":true,"id":"CC-BY-4.0","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"markets_scored_total":331,"narrative_summary":{"audience":"default","cache_age_seconds":0,"generated_at":"2026-10-16T07:05:07.269992Z","model":"claude-haiku-4-5-20251001","text":"# Executive Summary: October 2026 Data Center Energy Report\n\nThe power landscape has entered a severe constraint phase, with 224 of 331 markets (68%) now rated AVOID\u2014a structural shift driven by interconnection bottlenecks and grid saturation across North America and Northern Europe. Only 34 markets (10%) qualify as BUILD, concentrated in three permissive ISOs: SPP leads decisively at 100% BUILD percentage with 70.9 MW average excess capacity and 16.1-month mean time-to-power; ERCOT follows at 47.4% BUILD driven by Midland\u2013Odessa's 84.2 composite score and 9.6-month TTP, though the 474 GW large-load interconnection queue\u201490% data center\u2014signals acute saturation ahead; and HQ (Hydro-Qu\u00e9bec) at 50% BUILD offers reliability through hydro baseload. Conversely, CAISO has collapsed to 21.4% BUILD, averaging 52.5 constraint intensity and 39.3-month TTP. Northern Europe has become nearly uninvestable, with Copenhagen, Helsinki, and Oslo all rated AVOID due to NORDPOOL transmission constraints exceeding 48 intensity points. Within the U.S., MISO has deteriorated sharply to 2.6% BUILD\u2014Minneapolis itself rates AVOID at 47.1 constraint\u2014despite Williston's 76.8 score indicating isolated pockets remain viable.\n\nThe next two quarters will see power availability continue compressing as the 1,125.5 GW generation queue flows through interconnection backlogs. ERCOT's 31.8-month average TTP masks an urgent bifurcation: projects in permitting purgatory face 18+ additional months, while ERCOT's queue depth pushes new builds into 2028\u20132029 delivery windows. SPP remains the only broad-based BUILD harbor, but its 100% rating reflects scarcity value\u2014adoption there will accelerate queue congestion. Capital should avoid California entirely, treat MISO as selective at best, and concentrate new capacity allocation on SPP corridor markets (North and Kansas City) and ERCOT intra-basin plays with subsurface power contracts. Grid stress is structural, not cyclical; procurement windows have contracted materially."},"population":"DCPI markets: the latest published score per distinct market name, excluding the 3 aggregate rural regions (pacific-nw-rural, rural-spp, upper-michigan). The same population canonical_stats counts as `markets`.","ranking_basis":"composite_score DESC (derive_composite_score: 60% excess power, 30% inverse constraint, 10% time-to-power, x verdict multiplier)","ranking_is_scored":true,"scored_market_count":34,"top_avoid_markets":[{"composite":30.1,"constraint":51.0,"iso":"NORDPOOL","market":"Copenhagen","page":"https://dchub.cloud/dcpi/copenhagen","slug":"copenhagen"},{"composite":30.3,"constraint":50.3,"iso":"NORDPOOL","market":"Helsinki","page":"https://dchub.cloud/dcpi/helsinki","slug":"helsinki"},{"composite":30.5,"constraint":48.5,"iso":"NORDPOOL","market":"Oslo","page":"https://dchub.cloud/dcpi/oslo","slug":"oslo"},{"composite":29.1,"constraint":47.3,"iso":"NYISO","market":"Staten Island","page":"https://dchub.cloud/dcpi/staten-island","slug":"staten-island"},{"composite":29.5,"constraint":47.1,"iso":"MISO","market":"Minneapolis","page":"https://dchub.cloud/dcpi/minneapolis","slug":"minneapolis"},{"composite":29.2,"constraint":46.5,"iso":"PJM","market":"Richmond","page":"https://dchub.cloud/dcpi/richmond","slug":"richmond"},{"composite":29.7,"constraint":46.2,"iso":"PJM","market":"Herndon","page":"https://dchub.cloud/dcpi/herndon","slug":"herndon"},{"composite":29.7,"constraint":46.1,"iso":"PJM","market":"Dulles","page":"https://dchub.cloud/dcpi/dulles","slug":"dulles"},{"composite":29.8,"constraint":45.9,"iso":"PJM","market":"Haymarket","page":"https://dchub.cloud/dcpi/haymarket","slug":"haymarket"},{"composite":29.5,"constraint":45.9,"iso":"PJM","market":"Sandston","page":"https://dchub.cloud/dcpi/sandston","slug":"sandston"}],"top_build_markets":[{"composite":84.2,"constraint":20.1,"excess_power":86.4,"iso":"ERCOT","market":"Midland\u2013Odessa","page":"https://dchub.cloud/dcpi/midland-tx","slug":"midland-tx","ttp_months":9.6},{"composite":76.8,"constraint":15.5,"excess_power":71.4,"iso":"MISO","market":"Williston, ND","page":"https://dchub.cloud/dcpi/williston-nd","slug":"williston-nd","ttp_months":8.4},{"composite":74.8,"constraint":25.5,"excess_power":73.8,"iso":"WECC","market":"Cheyenne","page":"https://dchub.cloud/dcpi/cheyenne","slug":"cheyenne","ttp_months":10.8},{"composite":72.6,"constraint":31.6,"excess_power":73.7,"iso":"SPP","market":"North Kansas City","page":"https://dchub.cloud/dcpi/north-kansas-city","slug":"north-kansas-city","ttp_months":12.6},{"composite":69.8,"constraint":39.4,"excess_power":73.7,"iso":"SPP","market":"Kansas City","page":"https://dchub.cloud/dcpi/kansas-city","slug":"kansas-city","ttp_months":15.8},{"composite":69.8,"constraint":29.2,"excess_power":66.6,"iso":"HQ","market":"Montr\u00e9al","page":"https://dchub.cloud/dcpi/montreal","slug":"montreal","ttp_months":8.4},{"composite":69.7,"constraint":39.9,"excess_power":75.3,"iso":"SPP","market":"Oklahoma City","page":"https://dchub.cloud/dcpi/oklahoma-city","slug":"oklahoma-city","ttp_months":21.1},{"composite":69.3,"constraint":32.1,"excess_power":67.5,"iso":"WECC","market":"Gilbert","page":"https://dchub.cloud/dcpi/gilbert","slug":"gilbert","ttp_months":9.7},{"composite":69.2,"constraint":31.7,"excess_power":68.0,"iso":"SPP","market":"La Vista","page":"https://dchub.cloud/dcpi/la-vista","slug":"la-vista","ttp_months":12.4},{"composite":69.1,"constraint":32.2,"excess_power":68.0,"iso":"SPP","market":"Papillion","page":"https://dchub.cloud/dcpi/papillion","slug":"papillion","ttp_months":12.5}],"verdict_distribution":{"AVOID":224,"BUILD":34,"CAUTION":73,"LOW_SIGNAL":0},"verdict_distribution_complete":true,"vs_proprietary_research":{"edge_vs_them":{"access":"Free public JSON + MCP + Markdown vs $5-25K PDF","distribution":"AI-agent native (27 MCP tools) vs human PDF only","freshness":"Daily DCPI recompute vs annual H2 publish cadence","license":"CC-BY-4.0 vs proprietary \u00a9 + NDA"},"headline":"Daily-refreshed equivalent of CBRE / JLL H2 energy-and-power chapters \u2014 machine-readable, CC-BY-4.0.","honest_caveat":"We are a power-data layer, not a multi-year capacity forecast. If you need a 5-year PPA outlook with bilateral-deal context, buy the CBRE/JLL report. If you need to know which 10 markets are BUILD-verdict TODAY and why, this is faster + free.","they_cover_we_dont_yet":["Long-term capacity outlook (3-5 year forecast)","PPA pricing benchmarks per region","Behind-the-meter project disclosures (private deals)"],"we_cover":["Per-market DCPI verdicts (BUILD/CAUTION/AVOID, 100+ markets, daily)","Interconnection-queue depth + data-center share by ISO","Reserve margin + queue-wait + curtailment per market","Latest published EIA-930 fuel mix + renewable share for PJM and ERCOT","Excess-power score + time-to-power (TTP) per market"]},"window":"monthly"}